In fact, since the first wave of the pandemic, it has become clear that outcomes for most patients are better if mechanical ventilation can be avoided. But as health services are overwhelmed, patients who would previously have been admitted to hospital for observation are cared for at home patients who might previously have been ventilated in ICU are kept on hospital wards, with less invasive methods of breathing support such as continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) to keep them going and ventilation on ICU is reserved for the sickest of the sick. In the first weeks after a country is affected or a new wave of cases occurs, there is usually adequate hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) capacity. And as countries around the world see more cases and manage the pandemic in their own ways, lessons are being learnt. Let's start with a disclaimer - it may feel as if COVID-19 has been around for ever, but this is still a relatively new disease and evidence is changing at speed.
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